Sunday School | God as Creator

Alright, you guys. Welcome back. If you're just joining this class, we're gonna be doing a comprehensive doctrinal review for at least a year or two more. We're gonna walk through the 10 major doctrines: theology proper and Christology and pneumatology, the persons of Godhood, the doctrine of man and sin and salvation, the church, end times, all sorts of things.

We're beginning with theology proper, which is the doctrine of the first person of God. What is true of God the Father? And we're looking at it through the lens of a kind of classic lens where we talk about God's attributes. I've given you a few principles already, just to recap.

One of them is that though we will talk about different aspects, different facets of God's nature, it's a little bit of an artificial construct because we have limited minds. The truth is that he is all that he is at all times. He's not sometimes just and then sometimes merciful. He is all that he is at all times.

Not only that, but he imparts something of everything he is to us, but there's nothing that he's imparted to us fully. So we sometimes divide his attributes into communicable and incommunicable attributes. I think that's an unhelpful construct, and so I explicitly reject it, and I invite you to do the same.

Whatever he is—he's self existent, and you're not, but you do exist, right? So you're getting his self existence in a very diminished form in that you are. He's also loving, and you are loving, but the degree to which your love reflects his love is not that much greater than the degree to which your existence reflects his self existence. He is way more existent than you are, and he is way more loving than you are. You might be merciful as he is merciful, but you are not crucified for your enemies merciful. Amen? He's all that he is at all times and we are something like he is, but not as much as he is.

Here's the third principle I want to suggest for you as we go through this. Whatever he is like, everything that's true about him matters for us in real life. This isn't trivia. This isn't obscure or arcane, unrelated reality. When you hear as we walk through this for the next several weeks and talk about the attributes of God, I would invite you for every single thing we discuss to ask the question: so what? Not in a challenging way, but in a curious way. Why does this matter? What is the benefit that you can expect when you ponder, when you reflect, when you embrace the reality that something is true about God? What opportunity does it create? What obligation does it give you? What does it make possible in my life today and why will it matter for me tomorrow?

I don't want this just to be some heady intellectual exercise, but like, what God is like matters dramatically. The fact that he is merciful, the fact that he is self existent, the fact that he is sovereign, the fact that he is omnipotent—all of these things matter dramatically. If you can build that bridge from what is true of him to where it lands in your life, that's gonna add a lot of value to our discussions.

So he's all that he is at all times. We are like he is, but in a diminished way in every regard. And everything that is true of him matters for us. For the next several weeks, we're gonna try to categorize the attributes of God under three great offices of God. God is a creator, he is a judge, and he is a redeemer. As we consider these different facets of his nature, we can organize them roughly under those categories, with the asterisk that he's all that he is at all times. The things that are true of him as creator are true of him as redeemer. The things that are true of him as judge are true of him in everything that he does.

So he's all that he is at all times, and yet it's still helpful for us to think about, as creator, what are some things that maybe would help us organize and remember what he is like.

God as Creator: The Three Omnis

When we talk about God is creator, that's all we're gonna do today. I'll be thrilled if we get through this. There are three omnis. Does anybody know what are the three omnis we tend to use in description of God? Chris?

Omnipresent. He is omnipresent. Omniscient. Omniscient. And omnipotent. He's omnipotent.

The first one, omnipresent, is relatively obvious.

It means that he's everywhere. He's present everywhere. Omniscient, what does that mean? He knows everything. And then omnipotent, he's all power. Okay. Those three omnis—the omnipotence of God, the omnipresence of God, the omniscience of God—that's what we're gonna talk about this morning. And I hope that we will talk about them with a view to why does it matter? What are the benefits? What are the obligations? What's the hope? What's the reassurance? What's the application point if he is omnipotent? If he is omnipresent? If he is omniscient? What do we think about those things?

God Is All Powerful

Let's start with God is all powerful. Here's maybe a favorite statement. And by the way, if you haven't seen this already, we're gonna ground this thing in scripture through and through and through, okay? So when we say that God is all powerful, he has all power.

Ah, sovereign Lord, you have made the heavens and the earth by your great power and outstretched arm. Nothing is too hard for you. — Jeremiah 32:17

That's a good thing you can hang on to. That's a memorizable thing.

Where else would you guys go if you wanted to anchor in your mind the all powerfulness of God, that he is omnipotent?

He upholds the universe by the word of his power. — Hebrews 1:3

That's a pretty powerful, pretty strong description of power. He upholds the universe by the word of his power. Sustains all things.

Rachel mentioned Job—like chapters 38, 39, 40, 41, that whole range there. When Job is lamenting his griefs and he's distressed, God is like, alright, just shut up for a minute. Just sit down. And then he begins to bombard him with all these questions. In a doctrinal thing, you might be like, well, let me explain this to you. God doesn't explain it. He just demonstrates it. Like, I invented ostriches. Like, do you know where I store the snow? And he just walks through all of these kinds of ridiculous things that he's done. He references two creatures. Who are the two strangest creatures that he references there in those chapters?

Leviathan and Behemoth.

Nobody knows exactly what they are. Some think that the Behemoth is an elephant. Some think that Behemoth is more like a Brontosaurus. Is the Leviathan an alligator or is it a T-Rex? But whatever it is, he's like, they are my playthings. Right? Everyone is terrified of these giant beasts, but they come when I call them because he is all powerful. Job is a great place to see this.

Genesis 1:1 is not a bad place to start on lots of things, right? Whoever created the heavens and the earth, that's a hat tip to his sovereign power.

Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine according to his power, and here the relevance, that is at work within us. — Ephesians 3:20

Do you hear that bridge? He's able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine according to his power, which in some bizarre way resides in us or is impacting us. His power is not different from us or not disconnected from us.

Our God is in heaven. He does whatever pleases him. — Psalm 115:3

So is my word that goes out from my mouth. It will not return to me empty, but will accomplish what I desire and achieve the purpose for which I sent it. — Isaiah 55:11

Can you imagine if that were true of you? Like, if when you said, "Let there be light," the light didn't argue, but it came into being.

That's what he's describing. When God commands something to happen, it just happens. There's no debate. There's no argument. The universe doesn't consider this and get back to him. He speaks light into being.

Catherine, what about this, where it says the universe was made—everything was made for him, through him, for him, and somehow because of him? You might go to Colossians one. I'm not sure if this is what you mean, but if not, maybe we'll try again.

Go to Colossians chapter one. Are you thinking of this?

He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For by him all things were created, things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities. All things were created by him and for him. He is before all things and in him all things hold together. — Colossians 1:15-17

Is that your passage? Yes. I mean, right there. So another description here of his absolute total control over the universe.

Kelly, back to what you were saying a second ago. He sends his word out and accomplishes whatever he wants. Can you imagine if we had that ability?

It's a good thing that he's not just omnipotent, but he's omniscient too. Because if we had omnipotence but not omniscience, it would be a disaster. A total disaster.

So Kelly's saying, in case you couldn't hear her or the mic didn't hear her—oh, I want to talk about the microphone in a minute, remind me about that in a second. If God were only omnipotent but he was not concurrently omniscient, what a train wreck that would be, right? He knows the full implications of every decision that he will make. He knows the end from the beginning. And so he has all of that.

There's a movie that kind of teases around with that concept. Jim Carrey in Bruce Almighty. So Jim Carrey kind of wakes up as an omnipotent person. But he is clearly not omniscient. He's clearly not good. He's clearly not wise. I mean, so he has all the power, just this single band of power, but none of the incumbent necessities of that. And so God is not just powerful, but he's all that he is at all times. He's omniscient in the exercise of his power. That's good news for us.

God's Omnipotence Over All Things

The lot is cast into the lap, but its every decision is from the Lord. — Psalm 16:3

Here's another little tap on his all-powerfulness. Can you imagine how much time it takes him to make sure that every time somebody rolls a die, it comes up exactly the way he wants it to come up? That's what this is saying. Everything. He's powerful over everything.

Now, so what? Why does it matter? Can you think either in your life or even in the scriptures where is this—where is the omnipotence of God tied to your life? Why does it matter? How does it matter? Why is it so shocking that it does matter?

What is the sovereignty of God? To have a God that is above every single thing, more powerful than anything, knows anything. He's got the control. That's security for us. I believe that he's that powerful.

Catherine's saying it's absolutely required that God would be completely over and dominating all things, that he has all power. If he didn't, we'd be in a bad way. For sure.

And I did it again, by the way. I used the word sovereign and I really want to distinguish that. So forgive me. Someday, or maybe next week, I'll try to separate out what we mean by omnipotence and sovereignty. There's a different aspect to that.

Gary?

He is able to do more than we ask or imagine. — Ephesians 3:20

And we could ask or imagine a lot of things that we need. That's right. There's no limit to his power.

Chris?

I was going to say with humility and authority, the fact that we have our own beings with our own consciousness, which allows us—whatever strange reason that he intends with his omniscience—to feel like we can be gods essentially. The fact that I can think and move and act and create. And yet his omnipotence allows me to be humiliated, humbled by the fact that I can't do any of those things in my heart. I try and it gives me authority to know that things are possible even if I can't think or imagine them.

Yes. So we recognize—Chris, you're kind of articulating, I think, that there's a degree to which we are like him. Whatever he has, he's given us power. He has all power; he's given us some power. He's omniscient; we have some knowledge.

And experiencing that we really are genuinely made in His image, but in such a diminished form creates a dependence on Him that we would look beyond ourselves to the things that He can do that we cannot. I'm gonna put my hope and trust in him. And I want to hope and trust in someone I know can do what I need done. It's no fun to depend on someone who is incapable of doing the very things that you need.

Psalm 8: God's Power and Care

Here's one of my favorite psalms. It weaves together these two ideas. Look at Psalm 8:3-4:

When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars which you have set in place... What is mankind that you are mindful of them? Human beings that you care for them.

When he's considering these things, he's pondering the omnipotence of God. You made the moon. You made gravity. You made light. When I consider the insane power that you must have had to make that—when I consider the work of your heavens, the moon and the stars which you have set in place—his next thought is, what is mankind that you are mindful of them?

The deeper you understand the omnipotence of God, the more shocked you should be that he cares anything about you. Do you care about the stink bugs that sometimes come into your house? No. Because they are beneath you. He invented everything, and yet he does not view you like I view stink bugs. He cares for you. He's mindful of you.

I think when we ask the question of what so what—he's omnipotent, so what?—well, if you combine the fact that he's omnipotent with the fact that he loves you, it should just fill you with wonder. That he would be so condescending, despite his great power, to care how many hairs there are on your head. To notice when a sparrow falls. Why would he spend that power on things of such seeming insignificance unless they were in fact significant to him? So I think the omnipotence of God is a cause for great praise and wonder.

God's Omnipresence

He's not only all powerful, but he's present everywhere. God is omnipresent. Any scripture that comes to mind that would anchor the omnipresence of God?

Psalm 139—you guys know Psalm 139?

Where can I go from your spirit? Where can I flee from your presence? If I go up to the heavens, you're there. If I make my bed in the depths, you are there. If I rise on the wings of the dawn, if I settle on the far side of the sea, even there your hand will guide me, your right hand will hold me fast. — Psalm 139:7-10

He's everywhere. You cannot flee from him. He's everywhere you could ever possibly be. The heavens, the highest heavens cannot contain him.

Now I want you to think about this. That is a necessary prerequisite if he's gonna keep one of his most often repeated promises to you.

I will be with you and bless you. For to you and your descendants I will give all these lands and confirm the oath I swore to your father Abraham. — Genesis 26:3

Go back to the land of your fathers and to your relatives and I will be with you. — Genesis 31

I will be with you and this will be a sign to you that it is I who have sent you. When you brought the people out of Egypt, you'll worship God on this mountain. — Exodus 3:12

No one will be able to stand against you all the days of your life. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you. I will never leave you nor forsake you. — Joshua 1:5

I will be with you and will strike down all the Midianites leaving none alive. — Judges 6:16

If you do what I command you and walk in obedience to me and do what is right in my eyes by obeying my decrees and commands as David my servant did, I will be with you. I will build you a dynasty as enduring as the one I built for David. — 1 Kings 11

When you pass through the waters, I will be with you. When you pass through the rivers they will not sweep over you. — Isaiah 43:2

It's over and over and over again. He could not make those statements if he were not omnipresent.

He can't be here, there, and there, and there, and with you everywhere unless he's everywhere. The very promise that he gives—and yes, this shows up all the time: "I will be with you. I will be with you. I will be with you." He even names himself Emmanuel—God with us.

In the New Testament, this transforms into "I am in you." It goes from "I am with you" to "I am in you." The New Testament does repeat the language that he is with us, that he'll never leave us or forsake us. In Matthew 28, in the great commission, he says, "All authority in heaven and earth has been given to me. Therefore go make disciples of all nations, baptizing in the name of the father, son, and the holy spirit. And lo, I am with you even to the end of the age."

We retain that, but it goes one step further. It's not just that he'll be next to you, but he will live in us. By what? By the holy spirit. We are a church of the holy spirit. The indwelling presence—not just the neighboring presence, but the indwelling presence of God—is new. That's what happened at Pentecost. That was not true before.

David can ask the question in the Psalms: "Don't take your holy spirit from me." Because it was a different manifestation. Today, there's no risk of that. If you are in Christ, the spirit of God has moved into you, lives in you, will never leave you. He is not next to you. He has moved internally. It is the radical transformation.

When the Old Testament anticipates the fulfillment of the new covenant, that was the bullseye. If you look at what the Old Testament expected, it was that someday he won't just be near us, he will be in us. It is transformational. We'll get more into that when we cover pneumatology—the doctrine of the spirit—in a couple of months.

God's Omnipresence and Our Daily Struggles

Now, here's what I want you to do. If he's omnipresent—if he's everywhere—how does that matter? Not just that he's with you, but so what? What difference does it make that he's with you?

I want you to think about money. This isn't a financial peace commercial, but just think about money. Most people relate to money somewhere on a spectrum from fear to greed. We vacillate. When we don't have enough, we live in fear. When we do have enough, we live in greed—because wouldn't even more be better, right?

Can you think in your own life of times when your relationship to money is characterized by fear? And times when it's characterized by greed? You live on this spectrum from fear to greed, back and forth. But here's the question: How can that be addressed if you have a deep and abiding belief in the omnipresence of God? Does that feel strange? Am I combining two unlike things? What does the fact that God is everywhere—that he is with you—have to do with your inability to break out from the fear and greed cycle?

The Bible specifically addresses this. Eric, you said something about Yahweh Jireh, the God who provides. Yes, if he is the God who provides, then we can trust him. He's with us. That's all true.

But there is a more pointed statement in the New Testament that connects these seemingly unrelated things. Rachel mentioned something from Proverbs—toward the end, maybe chapter 29 or 30. It says something like: "Don't make me poor that I might steal and dishonor you, but don't make me rich that I might forget you." That's a recognized paradigm. This fear-greed cycle is ancient. We live in all of it.

But there's another statement:

Don't worry about what you're gonna eat or what you're gonna wear.

That's what Jesus says.

There are plenty of places that talk about the fact that you shouldn't worry about money. But where does it relate to God's omnipresence?

Keep your lives free from the love of money, for God has said, never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.

Keep your lives free from the love of money, for God has said, never will I leave you, never will I forsake you. — Hebrews 13

Do you hear what he just did? Listen to the language here. Keep your lives free from the love of money—that's the greed, right? And be content with what you have. Now pause right there. What is resourcing me to keep my life free from the love of money and to be content with what I have? Because the next line is: God has said, never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.

Do you hear the linkage? He's saying there's something about an understanding that God is present everywhere—in particular, present with you—that helps you get out of the fear and greed framework. You with me?

And here's the link. It's this: Everything that you love about money is something that God offers to provide himself.

The Five Things We Love About Money

There are basically five things—test me in this. There are five things that you love about money: power, pleasure, identity, security, and rest.

If you have money, you can make people do things. Power. If you have money, you can eat the food, wear the silks, do whatever you want to do. Pleasure. Identity. If you have the money, you can buy the Gucci bag.

Our next one is security. If I have enough money, if I can stack up my hundred dollar bills into thick enough walls, nothing bad can ever come to me. And rest. I can pay somebody else to cut my grass and change my oil and clean my house and do my stuff.

Power, pleasure, identity, security, and rest. Those are the five things that you love about money, I promise. And you probably love one of some of them. Some of you are the security guys. Just stack it up. Some of you are pleasures. Spend it on happiness, right? Whatever your thing is.

God Offers What Money Promises

What's curious here? Over and over and over the Bible pits money against God because he offers to give you power and pleasure and identity and security and rest. Everything that you love about money is something God's like, "Yeah, yeah, I'll do that."

You're like, "Ah, maybe you will. But you know what I'm pretty sure will? Is money. Bright shiny money."

And so the reason our hearts—Jesus says you can't serve both God and money because they're both offering you the same thing. Money is a counterfeit god that offers you power, pleasure, identity, security, and rest.

It's not a problem that you want those five things. The question is: What's your source? Where is it going to come from?

The omnipotence of God tells you something because even in his great power, he's concerned about you. The omnipresence of God matters. Everywhere you go, he is there with you. And he is willing to be the thing that, in this instance, you want your money to be.

These things matter. If we were good theologians, if we really understood the omnipotence of God and the omnipresence of God, it would matter at work. It would matter in our marriages. It does matter.

The Control Problem

The thing about money is—the reason you want money isn't because it's money itself. It's because you call the shots. You're in control of how you spend your money. If you trust God for those things, yeah, he can provide them, but we can't control God.

The thing about his omnipotence that's tricky or difficult is that it causes a whole lot of crisis of faith for people because of the whole problem of evil. If he's omnipotent, why did this bad thing happen? And so we're ready to abandon our faith.

But it's also his omnipotence and his omniscience combined that get us through those crises of faith too. It's like Job: I can't understand what he's doing, but he's in control of it and he's able to do it. And so I call the shots with money, but I can't call the shots with God's power. His power and his omniscience together, and his omnipresence, are gonna get me through that crisis of faith.

One of the reasons that we could say, "Hey, I need power, pleasure, identity, security, and rest"—or one of those, or three of those—and I could either get it from God himself or from stacks of money. The suggestion is that the reason we tend to pull the money lever is because we're in charge of the money. Right? I can direct the money.

Does that resonate with you guys? Yeah, I can control it. And God is difficult, famously difficult to control. So she's right about that.

But here's the problem. The money that we think we can control—I think it's a good thesis. Money is easier to control than God is. But is it more dependable than he is? I mean, how many times has the world—I just read an article this morning in the Wall Street Journal because, see, I love money. But this morning I read an article: did you know that Intel is down like 70% in the last several years? Like Intel—they dominated chip making forever and ever and ever. And if you put your money in Intel stock, that's a pretty safe bet. That's a pretty good bet. It's a pretty sure bet. And it's turned to garbage, right? And that story gets played out over and over and over again.

Here's how Timothy puts it—or Paul puts it in First Timothy. He says:

Command those who are rich in this present world not to be arrogant nor to put their hope in wealth, which is so uncertain, but to put their hope in God who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment. — 1 Timothy 6

Do you hear the way it's in that saying? It's pitting the two against each other. There's two things: you can trust in your money, or you can trust in God. When I look at my options, I'm like, "Well, I can control the money but I can't control God, so I'm gonna go money." But then Paul would say, "Yeah, but hang on a minute because money grows wings all the time." Got that, right?

And so this is the thing: our hearts are drawn to it because we think we can control it, but we don't understand that, man, you put your hope in that, you're gonna get burned. And we do. And the world is filled with this.

It goes back to Genesis, just like you said—it's a great place to start to fall. It's just our desire to be like God. That's right. I wanna control him. There lies the tension. Yes, absolutely true.

Fred reminds us of the gentleman who filled his storehouses with grain. Yeah, stack it up. Of course, right? So that would be a guy who's probably—his favorite thing about his money was not spending it, but just counting it and being secure in it. Right? And I wouldn't be surprised if that wasn't the number one reason. That's probably the single biggest chunk of why we love our money.

God's Omniscience

Alright, last one—I don't wanna rip this off. God has all power, he's in all places, in particular with you. Final thing, third omni: which one are we missing? He knows everything. Here's maybe the classic statement of the knowledge of God. Romans 11:33—as Paul finally finishes this big theological section, the first eight through eleven chapters of Romans. In 11:33, he says:

Oh, the depths of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God. How unsearchable his judgments and his paths beyond tracing out. Who has known the mind of the Lord or who has been his counselor? Who has ever given to God that God should repay them? For from him and through him and for him are all things. To him be the glory forever. Amen. — Romans 11:33-36

Where else would you guys go? Where else do the Bible affirm that God knows everything? He knows what I'm gonna say before I say it. That's Psalm 139 again.

Before a word is on my tongue, you know it completely. — Psalm 139

My coming in, my going out. Psalm 139 is a rich place that you can mine for all of these omnis, right?

And Jeremiah 1:5:

I knew you before I formed you in the womb. — Jeremiah 1:5

Right? Another picture of the breadth of his knowledge, or at least another dimension of his knowledge. How about this one? Because we're running out of time. John 21:17. The third time he said to him—Jesus says to Peter:

Simon son of John, do you love me? Peter was hurt because Jesus asked him the third time, do you love me? And he said, Lord, you know all things. You know that I love you. And Jesus said, Feed my sheep. — John 21:17

Or how about this? Hebrews 4:

The word of God is alive and active. It's sharper than any double edged sword. It penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow. It judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. Nothing in all creation is hidden from God's sight. Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the eyes of him to whom we must give an account. — Hebrews 4:12-13

That might be on the uncomforting side of the scale, right? Not all of the implications of this are things that might be, at least at first blush, reassuring. The omniscience of God might make you swallow hard. He knows everything. But it's okay.

If our hearts condemn us, we know that God is greater than our hearts and he knows everything. — 1 John 3:20

Sometimes the omniscience of God is used as a way to warn us of his searching judgments. But sometimes we see it in the scriptures as a great comfort.

So what do you guys think? We just have like three minutes left. Richard?

I think we all should have great comfort in this. A message: who would want to be judged by someone that does not know all of them?

That's a really good observation. You don't just want to be judged by your crimes, your sins. And standing before a judge would be a comforting thing to know that he actually knows all of it—whatever sleazy things your opponent is saying about you—that the judge is not duped by anything, that he renders a just verdict. I think that can be a great comfort, for sure.

So what? God knows everything. Is it gonna matter tomorrow? Katherine?

God knows everything and yet went to the cross. And so there's nothing ever that we could do. He knows we're gonna do it. And yet he still has unconditional love.

Jennifer's saying: God knows everything and yet Jesus still went to the cross. You have entered into relationships with people who once you learned something about them, once some aspect of their character was made plain to you, you decided, "You know what, I'm out." You understand that can't happen with God? You can't surprise him. You can't disappoint him either. He already knew the whole story, and in light of it, while we were still his enemies, Christ died for us. That's a fantastic implication.

Adam?

Let's piggyback on that. The question I'm asking is: how would you treat somebody you knew was gonna sin against you tomorrow? God, as you just said, he not only sees our past but he sees how we're gonna continue to fall short, and yes, he loved us. Every one of your sins lay yet in the future when Jesus went to the cross. And yet they were all present to him, for he knows all things.

Closing Reflection

I'll leave you with this. If it's true that God knows everything, one of the things that he knows is you.

You have searched me, O Lord, and you know me. You know when I sit and when I rise; you perceive my thoughts from afar. You discern my going out and my lying down; you are familiar with all my ways. Before a word is on my tongue you, Lord, know it completely. You hem me in behind and before, and you lay your hand upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me, too lofty for me to attain. — Psalm 139

You know that feature of life where you see somebody from a distance but you recognize the posture or the way that they walk or the way that they toss their head? There's something that you're like, "Oh, I recognize that." It's like pattern matching. God knows your gait. He's aware of all of your idiosyncratic behaviors immediately.

Not only that, but the God who knows everything is generous with knowledge. Think about that.

If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to you. — James 1

So maybe it's his omnipotence, maybe it's his omnipresence, maybe it's his omniscience. But perhaps this week, just be mindful: How does that matter? Why is that meaningful? How should that change the way I'm gonna have this conversation? How should that change the way I'm gonna spend this money? How should that change the way I'm gonna respond to this unjust accusation? How does the omnis of God matter in your life?

Next week we'll pick it up from there and we'll talk specifically about his sovereignty, which ties a lot of these things together. We'll do that.

That's all we got for now. We'll see you next week.